whoami: Kaustubh Lall, Senior Machine Learning Engineer · GenAI & Agent Systems, San Diego, CA. I build production GenAI systems: conversational agents, RAG platforms, and the evaluation infrastructure behind them. I built ResMed's generative-AI assistant Dawn and the virtual-therapist agent Dusk, and my published medical-AI research is the proof I can ship in high-stakes domains.
~ $ ls ./featured-work
Featured work
A selection of production and research projects, spanning medical AI, agent systems, and open research.
Dawn
activeResMed's AI-powered digital sleep-health assistant. I was one of the engineers who built it.
- LLMs
- Python
- Cloud infrastructure
Dusk
privateA virtual-therapist conversational agent supporting patients waiting to receive care, built with RAG, persistent memory, multi-agent architecture, and voice-to-voice interaction.
- LangChain
- RAG
- Speech-to-text
- Text-to-speech
OSRS Market Tools (MMG)
activeMoney-making-guide and Grand Exchange analysis for Old School RuneScape: deterministic margin analytics plus a leakage-checked ML research track on public market data.
- Python
- Pandas
- OSRS Wiki API
Dino Arena
activeA reproducible, framework-independent simulation environment for fair agent benchmarking, not just a game.
- TypeScript
- Canvas
- Headless simulation
Algorithmic Solvability
researchControlled experiments on whether ML models detect that a task is governed by a compact algorithm.
- Python
- PyTorch
- scikit-learn
NEAT Playground
activeNEAT neuroevolution implemented from scratch in C, evolving neural nets that play Flappy Bird, Snake, 2048, and Pac-Man, with interactive replay visualizers you can run in the browser.
- C99
- NEAT
- SDL2
- HTML/JS visualizers
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Experience
Download resumeFeb 2024 – Present
Machine learning and conversational AI for sleep health, from GenAI platform infrastructure to consumer products and clinical modeling.
- Founding engineer on ResMed's internal GenAI platform: retrieval-augmented generation infrastructure, agent architectures (LangGraph tool-use agents), Terraform-managed AWS environments, security hardening, and LLM fine-tuning and evaluation pipelines reused across downstream products.
- Built Dawn, ResMed's generative-AI sleep-health assistant, largely from the ground up: one backend powering both the myAir app and the web experience, and I built both surfaces.
- Built Dusk, a virtual-therapist conversational agent for patients awaiting care: specialized agents, retrieval-augmented generation, persistent user-specific memory, voice-to-voice interaction, CBT-I-guided goals, and patient phenotype classification with adaptive guidance. IP filing pending.
- Currently leading COMISA (comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea) modeling: clinical ML research on polysomnography data with interpretable baselines and clinician-in-the-loop label validation.
- Heavy code-review and mentoring load across the GenAI platform: onboarding materials, contribution-process docs, and hundreds of pull requests authored and reviewed.
2021 – 2024
Founding engineer at a health-tech startup running AI-backed, direct-to-consumer clinical trials.
- Built a personalized reporting system delivering results to ~50,000 study participants (Python, AWS Lambda, SES/SNS).
- Built an NLP tool normalizing survey questions across 40+ studies into a shared warehouse, saving ~1,600 hours (LangChain, vector databases).
- Shipped retention and recommendation systems, plus a live trial-engagement app used by thousands of participants at industry events.
2019 – 2021
Computer vision for osteoarthritis diagnosis and treatment measurement with UCSD/VA radiology researchers.
- Built U-Net-based MRI tissue segmentation to quantify treatment response, deployed for concurrent use via a Docker/Django scheduler.
- Work continued into two peer-reviewed publications with the same group (Osteology 2024, Sensors 2025).
2018 – 2020
Machine learning for drug-transporter substrate classification (OAT1/OAT3).
- Built classification models on cheminformatics descriptors, with feature analysis to explain drug-elimination mechanisms. Published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry (2020).
~ $ ls ./publications
Publications
Independent research with the UCSD radiology group, alongside earlier biomedical machine-learning work.
- Sensors · 2025
cited 4×· via OpenAlex, 2026-07-17
- Reinforcement Learning for Robot Assisted Live Ultrasound Examination Electronics · 2025
- Hidden Tumour Visualization in Augmented Monocular Liver Laparoscopy Healthcare Technology Letters · 2026
- Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Medical Imaging: A Survey of Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions Bioengineering · 2026
- A review of the application of novel intervertebral disc diagnostic technologies integrated with artificial intelligence in medical imaging Digital Health · 2026
Segment Anything Model (SAM) and Medical SAM (MedSAM) for Lumbar Spine MRI
Chang C, Law H, Poon C, Yen S, Lall K, Jamshidi A, Malis V, Hwang D, Bae WC
Zero-shot segmentation foundation models vs. nnU-Net on clinical lumbar-spine MRI.
- Reinforcement Learning for Robot Assisted Live Ultrasound Examination
- Osteology · 2024
cited 4×· via OpenAlex, 2026-07-17
- Cascade learning in multi-task encoder–decoder networks for concurrent bone segmentation and glenohumeral joint clinical assessment in shoulder CT scans Artificial Intelligence in Medicine · 2025
- Segment Anything Model (SAM) and Medical SAM (MedSAM) for Lumbar Spine MRI Sensors · 2025
- Context-Aware Dual-Task Deep Network for Concurrent Bone Segmentation and Clinical Assessment to Enhance Shoulder Arthroplasty Preoperative planning IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology · 2025
- Next-Generation Disease Profiling by Integrating Histopathology with Spatial Multi-Omics Data American Journal Of Pathology · 2026
Shoulder Bone Segmentation with DeepLab and U-Net
Carl M, Lall K, Pai D, Chang E, Statum S, Brau A, Chung CB, Fung M, Bae WC
Deep-learning bone segmentation for shoulder MRI.
- Cascade learning in multi-task encoder–decoder networks for concurrent bone segmentation and glenohumeral joint clinical assessment in shoulder CT scans
- Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2020
cited 55×· via OpenAlex, 2026-07-17
- Regulation of organic anion transporters: Role in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug elimination Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2020
- Gut-derived uremic toxin handling in vivo requires OAT-mediated tubular secretion in chronic kidney disease JCI Insight · 2020
- Systems Biology Analysis Reveals Eight SLC22 Transporter Subgroups, Including OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020
- Post-translational regulation of the major drug transporters in the families of organic anion transporters and organic anion–transporting polypeptides Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2020
- Computational and artificial intelligence-based approaches for drug metabolism and transport prediction Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · 2023
- Drug transporters OAT1 and OAT3 have specific effects on multiple organs and gut microbiome as revealed by contextualized metabolic network reconstructions Scientific Reports · 2022
- The kidney drug transporter OAT1 regulates gut microbiome–dependent host metabolism JCI Insight · 2023
- Utilising Endogenous Biomarkers in Drug Development to Streamline the Assessment of Drug–Drug Interactions Mediated by Renal Transporters: A Pharmaceutical Industry Perspective Clinical Pharmacokinetics · 2024
- Machine Learning Techniques Applied to the Study of Drug Transporters Molecules · 2023
- Organic anion transporters in remote sensing and organ crosstalk Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2024
- In Vivo Regulation of Small Molecule Natural Products, Antioxidants, and Nutrients by OAT1 and OAT3 Nutrients · 2024
- Uremic Toxins in Organ Crosstalk Frontiers in Medicine · 2021
- Coordinate regulation of systemic and kidney tryptophan metabolism by the drug transporters OAT1 and OAT3 Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2021
- Blockade of Organic Anion Transport in Humans After Treatment With the Drug Probenecid Leads to Major Metabolic Alterations in Plasma and Urine Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2022
- The Systems Biology of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters: Relevance to Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · 2020
- Identification of Novel High-Affinity Substrates of OCT1 Using Machine Learning-Guided Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · 2021
- Drosophila SLC22 Orthologs Related to OATs, OCTs, and OCTNs Regulate Development and Responsiveness to Oxidative Stress International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020
- A key role for the transporter OAT1 in systemic lipid metabolism Journal of Biological Chemistry · 2021
- Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · 2021
- Drug Metabolites Potently Inhibit Renal Organic Anion Transporters, OAT1 and OAT3 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2020
- Renal and non-renal response of ABC and SLC transporters in chronic kidney disease Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · 2021
- Machine Learning Models Identify New Inhibitors for Human OATP1B1 Molecular Pharmaceutics · 2022
- Aristolochic acid I induces proximal tubule injury through <scp>ROS</scp>/<scp>HMGB1</scp>/mt <scp>DNA</scp> mediated activation of <scp>TLRs</scp> Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2022
- Molecular Properties of Drugs Handled by Kidney OATs and Liver OATPs Revealed by Chemoinformatics and Machine Learning: Implications for Kidney and Liver Disease Pharmaceutics · 2021
- The Role of Coproporphyrins As Endogenous Biomarkers for Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B Inhibition–Progress from 2016 to 2023 Drug Metabolism and Disposition · 2023
- Computational Chemistry in Structure-Based Solute Carrier Transporter Drug Design: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling · 2024
- Machine learning for metabolomics research in drug discovery Intelligence-Based Medicine · 2023
- (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Inhibits Human and Rat Renal Organic Anion Transporters ACS Omega · 2021
- Construction and Evaluation of a Novel Organic Anion Transporter 1/3 CRISPR/Cas9 Double-Knockout Rat Model Pharmaceutics · 2022
- Loss of the Kidney Urate Transporter, Urat1, Leads to Disrupted Redox Homeostasis in Mice Antioxidants · 2023
- Identification and characterization of an endogenous biomarker of the renal vectorial transport (OCT2‐MATE1) Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition · 2024
- Distinguishing Molecular Properties of OAT, OATP, and MRP Drug Substrates by Machine Learning Pharmaceutics · 2024
- Recent Advances on the Regulations of Organic Anion Transporters Pharmaceutics · 2024
- Artificial intelligence to predict inhibitors of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters for safer drug design Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · 2025
- Impaired Tubular Secretion of Organic Solutes in Acute Kidney Injury Kidney360 · 2020
- Beyond ADME: The Endogenous Functions of Drug Transporters and Its Impact on Human Disease Pharmaceutics · 2025
- Harnessing AI for precision medicine and its applications in genomics, systems pharmacology, and drug discovery European Journal of Pharmacology · 2025
- Stereoisomerism at the 3-position of glycyrrhetinic acid affects pseudoaldosteronism-related toxicokinetics Drug Metabolism and Disposition · 2025
- Insights into the structure and function of the human organic anion transporter 1 in lipid bilayer membranes Scientific Reports · 2022
- Pancreatic Hormone Insulin Modulates Organic Anion Transporter 1 in the Kidney: Regulation via Remote Sensing and Signaling Network The AAPS Journal · 2023
- Protein Kinases and Cross-talk between Post-translational Modifications in the Regulation of Drug Transporters Molecular Pharmacology · 2022
- Interaction of the main active components in Shengmai formula mediated by organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) Journal of Ethnopharmacology · 2022
- Inhibition of proteasome, but not lysosome, upregulates organic anion transporter 3 in vitro and in vivo Biochemical Pharmacology · 2022
- <i>In Silico</i>prediction of inhibitors for multiple transporters via machine learning methods Molecular Informatics · 2024
- Inhibition of human drug transporter activities by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors Chemosphere · 2024
- Advances in In silico predictive models for DDI prediction: Implications and practical applications in drug discovery Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · 2026
- Circadian Clock and Uptake Transporters — · 2020
- Insights into the structure and function of the human organic anion transporter 1 in lipid bilayer membranes bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2022
- TRANSPORTERS‐MEDIATED DRUG DISPOSITION—PHYSIOCHEMISTRY AND <i>IN SILICO</i> APPROACHES — · 2022
- ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS (OATs) — · 2022
- first 50 shown
Unique metabolite preferences of the drug transporters OAT1 and OAT3 analyzed by machine learning
Nigam AK, Li JG, Lall K, Shi D, Bush KT, Bhatnagar V, Abagyan R, Nigam SK
ML-driven analysis of drug-transporter substrate preferences.
- Regulation of organic anion transporters: Role in physiology, pathophysiology, and drug elimination
~ $ whoami --verbose
About
I'm a machine learning engineer working in medical AI. My career has moved through three connected layers. It started in biomedical and medical-imaging research at UC San Diego: first a model that predicted drug-transporter binding without lab work (published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry), then computer vision at a radiology lab, measuring cartilage-disease treatment outcomes from MRI.
After a master's in machine learning at UCSD, I spent about four years as a founding ML and cloud engineer at Radicle Science, a health-tech startup running AI-backed direct-to-consumer clinical trials. I built reporting, data-normalization, and recommendation systems used across tens of thousands of study participants.
Today I build conversational AI and ML systems for sleep health at ResMed, including Dawn (ResMed's generative-AI sleep-health assistant) and Dusk (a virtual-therapist agent platform), and I keep publishing medical-imaging research through an independent collaboration with the UCSD radiology group. I've been based in San Diego, Los Angeles, and New York City along the way. The thread across all of it: take a real, often ambiguous question, build a testable model or system, and find out what breaks when it meets real users, data, latency, or clinical constraints.
Skills
aggregated from 20 projects · counts link to filtered views